German

Adjectives placed before a noun must take an ending that matches the noun's gender, case and whether a definite or indefinite article precedes it.

Adjectives used after sein, werden and bleiben do not take any ending — they never change form.

Frequently used German adverbs of time, frequency and manner — with meanings and example sentences.

German adverbs form their comparative by adding -er and their superlative with am …-sten. Several common adverbs are irregular and must be learnt.

Learn the three German definite articles and how they change in the Nominative, Accusative and Dative cases.

How to use the German indefinite article ein/eine and how it declines across cases.

The Accusative is the case of the direct object — the person or thing directly affected by the verb's action.

The Dative marks the indirect object — describing to whom or for whom an action is done. All genders change in the Dative.

The Genitive case in German is used to show that something belongs to someone, similar to 's in English. It changes article and adjective endings.

The Nominative is the case of the subject — the person or thing performing the action. It is the base form of all nouns.

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn, sondern) that keep normal word order, and common subordinating conjunctions that send the verb to the end.

Subordinating conjunctions introduce a dependent clause and send the conjugated verb to the very end of that clause. The three most common are weil (because), dass (that) and wenn (when/if).

Master German language structure including parts of speech, cases, tenses, and sentence construction.

In German, all nouns — not just proper names — are written with a capital first letter.

How to determine the grammatical gender (der/die/das) of German nouns using gender rules and common patterns.

The six main plural patterns in German and how to recognise them.

The five German prepositions that always take the Accusative case — durch, für, gegen, ohne, um.

Prepositions that always take Dative, and the nine two-way prepositions that use Dative (location) or Accusative (direction).

The German personal pronouns in Nominative, Accusative and Dative — who does the action, who receives it, and to/for whom.

How to express ownership in German using mein, dein, sein, ihr and the other possessive pronouns.

How to negate sentences in German using nicht (not) and kein/keine (no / not a).

How to form yes/no questions and W-questions (who, what, when, where, why, how) in German.

Relative clauses add extra information about a noun. They are introduced by a relative pronoun (der, die, das, den…) which matches the noun's gender and the clause's case, and the verb goes to the end.

German word order rules — the verb-second rule in main clauses, inversion, and verb-final in subordinate clauses.

The letter ß (Eszett) and ss both represent the /ss/ sound in German. The rule is simple — ß comes after a long vowel or diphthong, ss comes after a short vowel.

How to read, write and use the German umlaut letters ä, ö, ü and the Eszett ß.

German Futur I is formed with werden + infinitive and is used to talk about future events, intentions, and predictions.

How to form and use the German Perfekt (present perfect) with haben or sein plus a past participle.

How to use the German Präteritum (simple past), especially for sein, haben and modal verbs.

Many common German verbs change their stem vowel in the du and er/sie/es forms of the present tense. These are called strong verbs and must be learnt individually.

The imperative mood is used to give commands, instructions or requests. German has three imperative forms — for du, ihr and Sie.

The six German modal verbs, their meanings and conjugation patterns in the present tense.

How to conjugate regular German verbs in the present tense, including stem-changing verbs.

Reflexive verbs describe actions done to or for oneself. They are used with reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich…) and are very common in German.

Full conjugation of the two most important German verbs — sein (to be) and haben (to have).

How separable verbs work in German main clauses, questions and subordinate clauses.

German vocabulary for animals grouped by category, with gender, plural forms, and useful phrases.

German vocabulary for body parts with gender, plural forms, and useful phrases.

Essential vocabulary for talking about how you feel, describing symptoms and visiting a doctor in German.

German vocabulary for clothing items with gender, plural forms, and phrases for talking about what you wear.

German color vocabulary with gender agreement notes and useful expressions.

German colour words are adjectives, so they take endings that match the gender, case and article type of the noun they describe. Learn the patterns with common colours.

Common German adjectives in antonym pairs covering size, quality, and personality with usage notes.

German vocabulary for cooking verbs, kitchen tools, and culinary terms with gender, plural forms, and example phrases.

German vocabulary for giving and understanding directions with key phrases, prepositions, and example dialogues.

German vocabulary for emotions and feelings with key phrases for expressing how you feel.

German vocabulary for family members, including formal and informal forms.

German vocabulary for food, drinks, meals, and ordering at a restaurant.

Learn how to read a German menu, order food and drinks politely, ask for the bill, and understand common dishes in German-speaking countries.

German vocabulary for furniture and home furnishings by room, with gender, plural forms, and prepositions of place.

German vocabulary for geography and landscape features with gender, plural forms, and example phrases.

Essential German greetings, farewells and polite expressions for everyday conversation.

A collection of polite phrases, classroom language, and survival expressions that every German learner needs — bitte, danke, Entschuldigung and more.

German vocabulary for hobbies and leisure activities with verb patterns, frequency expressions, and example phrases.

German vocabulary for the home, rooms, and floors with gender, plural forms, and phrases about where you live.

Essential German vocabulary organized by life domains and common situations for practical language use.

German vocabulary for jobs and professions including masculine and feminine forms, with key phrases for talking about work.

German vocabulary for money and finance with gender, plural forms, and example phrases.

German vocabulary for music and culture with gender, plural forms, and example phrases.

German vocabulary for natural landscapes, the sky, and environmental terms with gender, plural forms, and useful phrases.

German numbers from 0 to 1,000,000 — how to count, read and write them.

Learn how to form and say larger numbers in German — from 20 to one million — including the compound pattern for numbers like 23 (dreiundzwanzig).

How to form and use German ordinal numbers (first, second, third…) for dates, rankings and sequences.

Essential vocabulary for classroom objects, school supplies and school rooms in German, with articles and plural forms.

Essential German vocabulary for describing school life, subjects, and classroom objects.

German vocabulary for shopping with phrases for asking prices, sizes, and finding your way around a shop.

German vocabulary for sports and leisure activities with key verbs and phrases for talking about what you do in your free time.

German vocabulary for technology and digital life with gender, plural forms, and example phrases.

Learn the twelve months, four seasons and how to talk about years and dates in German. All months and seasons are masculine.

German days of the week, months, seasons, and how to tell the time.

Learn how to ask and tell the time in German using both the official 24-hour format and the everyday conversational style with halb, Viertel and nach/vor.

German vocabulary for transport and travel with gender, plural forms, and key travel phrases.

German vocabulary for travel and tourism with gender, plural forms, and example phrases.

German vocabulary for weather with adjective forms, plural forms, and useful phrases.