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Reflexive Verbs — sich waschen, sich freuen…

Reflexive verbs describe actions done to or for oneself. They are used with reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich…) and are very common in German.

Last updated: 17 January 2026

★★★☆☆ Level 3germanGrammarVerbsReflexivePronounssich4 min read

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What are Reflexive Verbs?

A reflexive verb is one where the subject does the action to or for themselves. German has many more reflexive verbs than English.

Ich wasche mich. (I wash myself.) — the action comes back to the subject.

Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns change depending on the subject:

SubjectAccusative reflexiveDative reflexive
ichmichmir
dudichdir
er/sie/essichsich
wirunsuns
ihreucheuch
sie/Siesichsich
Note

Most reflexive verbs use the Accusative reflexive pronoun. The Dative is used when there is another accusative object in the sentence.

Common Reflexive Verbs (Accusative)

VerbMeaningExample
sich waschento wash (oneself)Ich wasche mich.
sich anziehento get dressedEr zieht sich an.
sich setzento sit downSetz dich!
sich freuento be happy/look forwardIch freue mich auf Ferien.
sich beeilento hurryBeeil dich!
sich erinnernto rememberSie erinnert sich.
sich fühlento feelWie fühlst du dich?

Reflexive Verbs with Dative

When the sentence already has an accusative object, the reflexive pronoun is Dative:

SentenceNote
Ich wasche mir die Hände.die Hände = accusative → reflexive = dative mir
Er putzt sich die Zähne.die Zähne = accusative → sich (dative for er)
Ich kaufe mir ein Buch.ein Buch = accusative → mir

Word Order

The reflexive pronoun comes directly after the verb (or after the subject in questions):

  • Ich freue mich.
  • Freust du dich?
  • Er hat sich gewaschen. (Perfekt)

Morning routine

  • Ich washe mich, ziehe mich an und beeile mich.
  • (I wash, get dressed and hurry.)

Real world: morning routine — the most reflexive part of the day

A typical German morning routine description uses reflexive verbs: „Ich wasche mich, ziehe mich an, setze mich an den Tisch und beeile mich, damit ich den Bus noch erwische." (I wash, get dressed, sit down at the table and hurry so I catch the bus.) Describing daily routines in German almost always involves reflexive verbs.

Real world: health and body care — dative reflexive in use

When talking about body care with a body part as object, the dative reflexive is used: „Ich putze mir die Zähne." (I brush my teeth.) „Er wäscht sich die Hände vor dem Essen." (He washes his hands before eating.) „Sie kämmt sich die Haare." (She combs her hair.) — dative reflexive + accusative body part noun.

Real world: expressing feelings and reactions

Many German emotion verbs are reflexive: „Ich freue mich auf das Wochenende!" (I'm looking forward to the weekend!) „Hast du dich gut erholt?" (Did you rest well?) „Sie ärgert sich über den Lärm." (She is annoyed by the noise.) — reflexive verbs are essential for expressing emotions naturally in German.

Tip

Many German reflexive verbs have no non-reflexive equivalent — you simply must learn them with sich: sich freuen (to be happy), sich beeilen (to hurry), sich erinnern (to remember). These are best learned as fixed phrases: sich + verb is one unit.

Practice Problems

Fill in the reflexive pronoun: 'Wir freuen ___ auf die Party.'

Show answer
uns — wir uses 'uns' as the accusative reflexive pronoun.

'I brush my teeth' — 'die Zähne putzen'. Which reflexive pronoun do you need for 'ich'?

Show answer
mir — because 'die Zähne' is the accusative object, the reflexive pronoun is dative: Ich putze mir die Zähne.

How do you ask 'How are you feeling?' using 'sich fühlen' (du form)?

Show answer
Wie fühlst du dich? — reflexive pronoun 'dich' follows the conjugated verb.