Stewdent.eu
▾

Personal Pronouns

The German personal pronouns in Nominative, Accusative and Dative — who does the action, who receives it, and to/for whom.

Last updated: 25 December 2025

★★☆☆☆ Level 2germanGrammarPronounspersonal-pronouns4 min read

Report an error

Nominative pronouns (subject)

The subject of a sentence — the person doing the action.

GermanEnglish
ichI
duyou (informal singular)
erhe
sieshe
esit
wirwe
ihryou (informal plural)
siethey
Sieyou (formal — singular and plural)
Note sie (lowercase) = she / they. Sie (capital S) = formal You. Context and verb form show the difference.

Accusative pronouns (direct object)

The direct object — the person or thing directly receiving the action.

NominativeAccusativeExample
ichmichEr sieht mich. (He sees me.)
dudichIch mag dich. (I like you.)
erihnIch kenne ihn. (I know him.)
siesieIch sehe sie. (I see her/them.)
esesIch nehme es. (I take it.)
wirunsEr besucht uns. (He visits us.)
ihreuchIch mag euch. (I like you all.)
sie/Siesie/SieIch sehe sie/Sie. (I see them/you.)

Dative pronouns (indirect object)

The indirect object — to/for whom the action is done.

NominativeDativeExample
ichmirEr gibt mir das Buch. (He gives me the book.)
dudirIch helfe dir. (I help you.)
erihmSie schreibt ihm. (She writes to him.)
sieihrIch gebe ihr das Heft. (I give her the notebook.)
esihmIch glaube ihm. (I believe it.)
wirunsEr erklärt uns die Aufgabe. (He explains the task to us.)
ihreuchIch schenke euch ein Buch. (I give you all a book.)
sie/Sieihnen/IhnenIch danke ihnen. (I thank them.)

Real world: text messages and phone calls

In a German text conversation: „Kommst du heute?" — „Ja, ich komme um 7. Er kommt auch mit." Personal pronouns make up the backbone of every informal exchange. In a customer service phone call you would hear: „Wie kann ich Ihnen helfen?" — formal Sie and its Dative Ihnen in action.

Real world: describing people in social media posts

A German Instagram caption might read: „Er spielt Gitarre, sie singt — wir machen Musik zusammen!" — three different Nominative pronouns in one sentence, each referring to a different person in the photo.

Real world: giving and receiving at a shop or restaurant

A waiter in Germany uses Accusative and Dative pronouns constantly: „Ich bringe Ihnen die Speisekarte." (I'll bring you the menu.) „Kann ich Ihnen helfen?" (Can I help you?) — Ihnen is the Dative of the formal Sie. A friend might say: „Ich gebe dir das Geld zurück." (I'll give you the money back.)

Tip

The formal Sie (capital S) is used in shops, offices, with teachers and strangers. The informal du is used with friends and family. Getting this right makes a big impression — Germans notice and appreciate it when learners use the correct register.

Practice Problems

Replace: Ich sehe Peter. (Peter = masculine, Accusative)

Show answer
Ich sehe ihn.

Replace: Er gibt Maria das Buch. (Maria = indirect object, Dative)

Show answer
Er gibt ihr das Buch.

Translate: She sees me.

Show answer
Sie sieht mich.

Translate: We help you (informal, Dative).

Show answer
Wir helfen dir.

Which pronoun replaces das Auto (neuter, Accusative)?

Show answer
es — Ich nehme es.