Grammar

Learn how to compare two things (comparative) or describe the highest or lowest degree of a quality (superlative).

When several adjectives describe a noun, English speakers use them in a fixed, natural-feeling order — opinion, size, age, shape, colour, origin, material, purpose. Swapping the order sounds unnatural.

My, your, his, her, its, our, their — how possessive adjectives work and when to use them.

Adverbs of degree modify adjectives or other adverbs to say how much or to what extent. Common ones include very, quite, rather, extremely, fairly, and slightly.

Learn how to use adverbs of frequency (always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never) and where to place them in a sentence.

How adverbs of manner are formed, where they go in a sentence, and common irregular forms.

Adverbs of time tell us when an action happens. They can indicate a specific point in time, how recently or soon something happened, or whether something has already occurred.

Learn when to use the indefinite article (a/an), the definite article (the), and when to use no article at all.

The indefinite articles 'a' and 'an' are used before singular countable nouns when referring to any one member of a group, or when introducing something for the first time. 'A' is used before consonant sounds; 'an' before vowel sounds.

The zero article means using no article at all. It is used with plural and uncountable nouns in general statements, most proper nouns, languages, academic subjects, meals, and sports.

Learn how coordinating and subordinating conjunctions connect words, phrases, and clauses in English sentences.

Correlative conjunctions are pairs of words that work together to join two equal elements in a sentence. Common pairs include both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, and whether…or.

Subordinating conjunctions join a dependent (subordinate) clause to a main clause. They express relationships such as reason, contrast, time, and condition. Common examples are because, although, while, when, if, and unless.

Study of English language structure including parts of speech, sentence construction, punctuation, and usage rules.

A concrete noun is something you can see, touch, hear, smell, or taste — it exists physically. An abstract noun is something that exists only as an idea, feeling, or concept that you cannot experience with your five senses.

A collective noun names a group of people, animals, or things as a single unit. Many collective nouns are specific to a particular animal or type of group, making them interesting to learn.

Understand the difference between countable nouns (you can count them) and uncountable nouns (you cannot count them), and which words go with each.

Learn the rules for making nouns plural in English — regular -s/-es endings and the most common irregular plurals.

How to use to, into, onto, out of, towards, across, along, through, and more to describe movement.

Learn the most common prepositions used to describe where things are — in, on, at, under, above, next to, and more.

Master the use of in, on, and at for time expressions, plus other common time prepositions like before, after, during, and since.

Learn all English personal, object, possessive, and reflexive pronouns and when to use each.

Myself, yourself, himself — how reflexive pronouns are formed and when to use them.

Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses that give information about a noun. 'Who' refers to people, 'which' to things, and 'that' can refer to both. 'Whom' is the object form of 'who'.

The apostrophe has two main uses in English. It shows where letters have been left out in contractions (it's, don't) and it shows ownership or possession (the dog's lead, the students' books).

Commas are used to separate items in a list, after introductory phrases, before coordinating conjunctions in compound sentences, and around non-defining relative clauses. Knowing when to use commas makes writing clearer.

Learn how to use the period, comma, apostrophe, question mark, exclamation mark, colon, and semicolon correctly.

Conditional sentences talk about what happens or could happen under certain conditions. The zero conditional describes facts and habits, the first conditional talks about realistic future possibilities, and the second conditional imagines unlikely or hypothetical situations.

In a sentence, the direct object is the thing or person that receives the action of the verb. The indirect object is the person or thing for whom or to whom the action is done. Understanding objects helps with sentence structure and is essential for reported speech.

How to form the passive voice using to be + past participle, and when to choose it over the active voice.

Learn how to form yes/no questions and wh- questions in English using auxiliary verbs.

Reported speech (indirect speech) is how we tell others what someone said without quoting them directly. Verb tenses usually shift back one tense, pronouns change, and time expressions change to match the new situation.

Learn how to use 'there is' and 'there are' to say that something exists or is present somewhere.

Master the basic Subject-Verb-Object order in English and learn where to place adverbs, adjectives, and other elements.

Homophones are words that sound the same but are spelled differently and have different meanings. Common examples include there/their/they're, your/you're, and to/too/two. Confusing these is a very common mistake even for native speakers.

Key spelling rules for adding -ing, -ed, -er/-est, plurals, and other common endings, plus frequently confused words.

The future continuous tense describes an action that will be in progress at a specific time in the future. It is formed with 'will be' and the -ing form of the verb. It is used for actions that will be ongoing and for making polite enquiries.

Learn how to talk about the future using 'will' for decisions and predictions, and 'going to' for plans and intentions.

How to form the past continuous and when to use it for ongoing actions in the past.

The past perfect tense describes an action that was completed before another action or point in the past. It is formed with 'had' and the past participle. It is often used with 'before', 'after', 'when', 'already', and 'never'.

Use the past simple to talk about completed actions at a definite time in the past.

Use the present continuous to talk about actions happening right now or temporary situations.

How to form and use the present perfect to describe past actions with present relevance.

Use the present simple tense to talk about habits, routines, facts, and permanent situations.

Some verbs are followed by the infinitive (to + base verb) and others by the gerund (-ing form). Some verbs can take both but with a change in meaning. Knowing the most common patterns helps avoid grammar errors.

A complete table of the most common irregular English verbs showing the base form, past simple, and past participle.

Learn how to use the most common modal verbs — can, could, must, should, may, might, shall, will, would — and what they express.

A reference table of the most useful phrasal verbs grouped by particle, with meanings and examples.

Many English idioms use the word 'heart' or relate to emotions and feelings. These expressions are very common in everyday English conversation, writing, and songs. Learning them will help you understand emotional language and speak more naturally.

Idioms are fixed expressions whose meaning is different from the literal meaning of the words. In everyday English, especially in school and study contexts, idioms are used very often. Learning common idioms helps you understand native English speakers.