Nepriama reč — hovoríme, čo niekto povedal

Nepriama reč (reported speech) je spôsob, ako ostatným rozprávame, čo niekto povedal, bez priameho citovania. Slovesné časy sa zvyčajne posúvajú o jeden čas dozadu, menia sa zámená a časové výrazy.

Priama vs. nepriama reč

Priama reč cituje presné slová:

She said, "I am tired."

Nepriama reč referuje, čo bolo povedané, bez citovania:

She said (that) she was tired.

Posun časov

Keď referujeme v minulosti, slovesné časy sa zvyčajne posúvajú o jeden čas dozadu:

Priama reč	Nepriama reč
prítomný jednoduchý (am)	minulý jednoduchý (was)
prítomný priebehový (is eating)	minulý priebehový (was eating)
minulý jednoduchý (went)	predminulý (had gone)
will	would
can	could

"I play football." → He said he played football. "She is coming." → He said she was coming. "I will help you." → He said he would help me.

Zmena zámen

Zámená sa menia tak, aby si zachoval pôvodný význam:

She said, "I love my dog." → She said she loved her dog. He said, "You are great." → He said I was great.

Nepriama reč — otázky

Otázky áno/nie → použi if alebo whether

"Do you like pizza?" → She asked if I liked pizza.

Otázky so zámenným slovom → zachovaj otázkové slovo, normálny slovosled

"Where does he live?" → She asked where he lived.

Upozornenie

V nepriamej reči nepoužívame slovosled otázky: ✗ She asked where did he live. ✓ She asked where he lived.

Nepriama reč — rozkazy a žiadosti

Použi told + predmet + infinitív s to:

"Sit down!" → The teacher told us to sit down. "Please help me." → She asked me to help her.

Prax: správa v novinách a klebety

The minister said (that) the new law would come into force in January. She told reporters (that) the government was working on a solution. My friend said she had seen Tom at the cinema the night before. (She said, "I saw Tom at the cinema last night.")

Prax: školský rozhovor

The teacher told us to open our books and to read page 45. She asked if we had done our homework. He asked where we had put our worksheets. The head teacher announced (that) school would finish early on Friday.

Tip Nepriama reč je všade: v spravodajstve ("The prime minister said the economy was improving"), pri klebetení ("She told me you were looking for a job") a v triednych pokynoch ("The teacher asked us to sit down"). Kľúčom je posun časov dozadu a odstránenie slovosledu otázky.

Cvičné príklady

Preveď do nepriamej reči: He said, 'I am going to the library.'

Zobraziť odpoveď

He said (that) he was going to the library. (am going → was going, I → he)

Preveď: She asked, 'Have you finished your homework?'

Zobraziť odpoveď

She asked if I had finished my homework. (otázka áno/nie → if; have finished → had finished)

Preveď: The teacher said, 'Open your books!'

Zobraziť odpoveď

The teacher told us to open our books. (rozkaz → told + predmet + infinitív s to)