Čo je predminulý čas?
Predminulý čas opisuje dej, ktorý sa stal pred iným minulým dejom.
When I arrived, the film had already started.
Časová os: film sa začal → prišiel som (oboje v minulosti, ale film sa začal skôr)
Ako tvoriť predminulý čas
had + minulé príčastie
| Osoba | Tvar | Príklad |
|---|---|---|
| I / you / he / she / it / we / they | had + minulé príčastie | She had eaten before we arrived. |
Zápor: had not (hadn't) + minulé príčastie
He hadn't finished his homework when the teacher asked.
Otázka: Had + podmet + minulé príčastie?
Had you ever visited France before last year?
Bežné minulé príčastia
| Infinitív | Minulé príčastie |
|---|---|
| eat | eaten |
| go | gone |
| see | seen |
| write | written |
| take | taken |
| finish | finished |
| arrive | arrived |
Signálne slová
Predminulý čas sa často používa so slovami:
- before: She had left before he called.
- after: After they had eaten, they watched TV.
- when: When I got home, my parents had already eaten.
- never: I had never seen snow before that winter.
- by the time: By the time we arrived, the party had finished.
Keď je poradie dejov jasné zo slov before alebo after, môžeš niekedy použiť minulý jednoduchý čas. Ale keď nie je jasné, predminulý čas odstraňuje nejasnosť.
Prax: detektívna história / policajná správa
When police arrived at the scene, the suspect had already escaped through a back window. He had taken the documents and had destroyed the evidence.
Prax: osobný príbeh
By the time I got to the airport, my flight had already departed. I hadn't checked the time correctly. Luckily, I had booked travel insurance.
Cvičné príklady
Čo sa stalo skôr? 'When he arrived, she had already left.'
Zobraziť odpoveď
Doplň: 'By the time the ambulance arrived, the fire __ (extinguish).'
Zobraziť odpoveď
Preveď do záporu: 'I had finished my homework.' (had not)