Infinitív a gerundium
Infinitív: to + základný tvar → to swim, to go, to eat Gerundium: sloveso + -ing → swimming, going, eating
Oba môžu fungovať ako podstatné meno vo vete:
Swimming is great exercise. (gerundium ako podmet) To swim is great exercise. (infinitív ako podmet)
Slovesá nasledované infinitívom
Tieto slovesá sa spájajú s to + infinitívom:
| want | need | decide | hope | plan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| manage | refuse | promise | agree | fail |
I want to go home. She decided to study medicine. He refused to answer the question.
Slovesá nasledované gerúndiom
Tieto slovesá sa spájajú s tvarom -ing:
| enjoy | finish | avoid | mind | suggest |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| keep | practise | imagine | consider | miss |
I enjoy reading before bed. She finished doing her homework. He avoided answering the question.
Slovesá s oboma tvarmi — s rozdielnym významom
remember / forget
| Štruktúra | Význam | Príklad |
|---|---|---|
| remember + infinitív | pamätaj si to spraviť (budúca úloha) | Remember to lock the door. |
| remember + gerundium | pamätuje si, že to spravil (spomienka) | I remember locking the door. |
stop
| Štruktúra | Význam | Príklad |
|---|---|---|
| stop + infinitív | zastaviť sa, aby niečo urobil | She stopped to tie her shoelace. |
| stop + gerundium | prestať niečo robiť | She stopped eating chocolate. |
like, love, hate, prefer môžu mať oba tvary bez výrazného rozdielu v britskej angličtine: I love to swim / I love swimming.
Prax: prihlásenie na univerzitu / motivačný list
"I decided to study medicine after spending a summer in a hospital. I enjoy helping others and hope to make a difference. I have been practising my communication skills and plan to continue improving them."
Prax: návod / výstražný štítok
"Avoid exposing the product to direct sunlight. Remember to store it below 25°C. If you fail to follow these instructions, the warranty may become void."
Cvičné príklady
Vyber správny tvar: 'I enjoy __ (play) football.'
Zobraziť odpoveď
Vyber: 'She forgot __ (turn off) the lights.' (Nezatla svetlá)
Zobraziť odpoveď
Vyber: 'He stopped __ (check) his phone every five minutes.' (Už to nerobí)