Čo je idiom?
Idiom je spojenie slov, ktorého celkový význam sa líši od doslovného zmyslu jednotlivých slov.
Príklad: "It's raining cats and dogs" NEznamená, že padajú zvieratá — znamená, že veľmi prší.
Bežné idiómy A–C
| Idiom | Preklad / Význam | Príklad |
|---|---|---|
| a blessing in disguise | šťastie v nešťastí | Losing that job was a blessing in disguise. |
| add fuel to the fire | prihodžiť drevo do ohňa (zhoršiť situáciu) | His comment only added fuel to the fire. |
| all ears | len ucho (pozorne počúvam) | Tell me what happened — I'm all ears. |
| at the drop of a hat | ihneď, bez váhania | She'd travel anywhere at the drop of a hat. |
| back to the drawing board | začať od začiatku | Our plan didn't work — back to the drawing board. |
| beat around the bush | chodiť okolo horúcej kaše | Stop beating around the bush and tell me! |
| bite the bullet | zahryzúť sa do pery, vydržať | I had to bite the bullet and apologise. |
| break the ice | prelomiť ľady (začať rozhovor) | He told a joke to break the ice. |
| burn the midnight oil | pracovať do noci | They burned the midnight oil to finish the project. |
| cost an arm and a leg | stáť majland (byť veľmi drahý) | That jacket cost an arm and a leg. |
| cut corners | ísť skratkou, odbyť prácu | Don't cut corners — do the job properly. |
Bežné idiómy D–H
| Idiom | Preklad / Význam | Príklad |
|---|---|---|
| don't judge a book by its cover | nesúď knihu podľa obalu | He seemed rude at first, but don't judge a book by its cover. |
| every cloud has a silver lining | každé zlo je na niečo dobré | I failed the test, but every cloud has a silver lining. |
| feel under the weather | cítiť sa zle/chorabo | I'm feeling under the weather today. |
| get a taste of your own medicine | dostať rovnakou mierou | He was finally given a taste of his own medicine. |
| get out of hand | vymknúť sa spod kontroly | The party got out of hand quickly. |
| give the benefit of the doubt | veriť bez dôkazu | I'll give him the benefit of the doubt this time. |
| go back to square one | začať od nuly znova | The app crashed and we had to go back to square one. |
| hang in there | nevzdávaj sa | Exams are hard, but hang in there! |
| hit the nail on the head | trafiť klinec po hlavičke | You hit the nail on the head — that's exactly the problem. |
| hold your horses | počkaj, nespi sa | Hold your horses — we haven't finished yet. |
Bežné idiómy I–O
| Idiom | Preklad / Význam | Príklad |
|---|---|---|
| in the same boat | byť na tom rovnako | We're all in the same boat — nobody knows the answer. |
| jump on the bandwagon | naskočiť na vlak (pridať sa k módnemu trendu) | Everyone's jumping on the bandwagon with that new game. |
| keep your chin up | drž hlavu hore | Keep your chin up — things will improve. |
| kill two birds with one stone | zabiť dve muchy jednou ranou | Walking to school kills two birds with one stone. |
| let the cat out of the bag | vypustiť mačku z vreca (prezradiť tajomstvo) | She let the cat out of the bag about the surprise party. |
| miss the boat | premeškať príležitosť | He missed the boat on that job offer. |
| no pain, no gain | bez práce nie sú koláče | To improve at sport — no pain, no gain. |
| on the fence | nevyhranený, nerozhodnutý | I'm still on the fence about which phone to buy. |
| once in a blue moon | raz za uherský rok (zriedkavo) | We visit our grandparents once in a blue moon. |
Bežné idiómy P–Z
| Idiom | Preklad / Význam | Príklad |
|---|---|---|
| piece of cake | hračka, veľmi ľahká vec | The test was a piece of cake. |
| pull someone's leg | ťahať niekoho za nohu (vtipkovať) | Are you serious or just pulling my leg? |
| raining cats and dogs | lejak, silný dážď | Take an umbrella — it's raining cats and dogs. |
| see eye to eye | zhodovať sa | My sister and I don't always see eye to eye. |
| spill the beans | prezradiť tajomstvo | Who spilled the beans about the surprise? |
| the ball is in your court | loptu máš ty (je na tebe, čo urobíš) | I've done all I can — the ball is in your court. |
| up in the air | vo vzduchu (nevyriešené, neisté) | Our summer plans are still up in the air. |
| wrap your head around | pochopiť niečo zložité | I can't wrap my head around this maths problem. |
| you can't have your cake and eat it | nemôžeš mať všetko | Working less and earning more? You can't have your cake and eat it. |
Prax: neformálny rozhovor a sociálne siete
"Exams next week — I've been burning the midnight oil every night. Hang in there, everyone!" "I was on the fence about the new job, but then they offered me more money — the ball is in my court now." "Every cloud has a silver lining — I missed the train but bumped into an old friend at the station!"
Prax: práca a škola
"Our whole team is in the same boat — nobody understands the new software." "The presentation was a piece of cake for her. She hit the nail on the head with every answer." "He let the cat out of the bag about the office party before the invitations were sent — whoops!"
Tip Bežné idiómy sa objavujú v každodenných rozhovoroch, na sociálnych sieťach, vo filmoch a v správach. Počuješ "I'm all ears" keď je niekto pripravený počúvať, "break the ice" na začiatku stretnutia a "it's raining cats and dogs" pri zlom počasí. Učiť sa idiómy v realistických kontextoch je oveľa efektívnejšie ako memorovanie zoznamov.