Činný vs. Trpný rod
| Rod | Dôraz na | Príklad |
|---|---|---|
| Činný | konateľa (podmiet koná) | The dog ate the cake. |
| Trpný | prijímateľa (akcia sa vykonáva na podmete) | The cake was eaten (by the dog). |
Tvorenie
Trpný rod v rôznych časoch
| Čas | Činný rod | Trpný rod |
|---|---|---|
| Prítomný jednoduchý | They make cars here. | Cars are made here. |
| Minulý jednoduchý | She wrote the report. | The report was written by her. |
| Predprítomný | They have sent the letter. | The letter has been sent. |
| Budúci (will) | He will fix the bike. | The bike will be fixed. |
| Modálny (can) | You can open the window. | The window can be opened. |
Kedy použiť trpný rod
- Konateľ je neznámy: My wallet was stolen.
- Konateľ je zrejmý alebo nepodstatný: The road is being repaired.
- Formálne písanie, kde podmiet je menej osobný: It was decided that…
- Dôraz na prijímateľ akcie: Three goals were scored in the last five minutes.
Použitie "by"
Napíš "by + konateľ" iba keď je konateľ dôležitý alebo prekvapivý:
The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.
Ak je konateľ nepodstatný, vynechaj ho:
The window was broken. (nezaujíma nás kto)
Prax: etiketa výrobku / obal
"This product was manufactured in Germany. All ingredients are sourced from certified suppliers. The bottle can be recycled after use."
Prax: správa v médiách
"Three people were injured in a road accident on the M25 last night. The motorway was closed for two hours while emergency vehicles were dispatched. No arrests have been made."
Prax: popis v múzeu
"This painting was created in 1503 and is believed to depict Lisa Gherardini. It was acquired by the French royal family in the 16th century and has been kept in the Louvre since 1797."
Cvičné príklady
Preveď do trpného rodu: Scientists discovered a new planet.
Zobraziť odpoveď
Preveď do trpného rodu: They are building a new school.
Zobraziť odpoveď
Preveď do trpného rodu: Someone has stolen my bike.