There is / There are

Vyjadrenie existencie pomocou there is a there are — prítomný a minulý čas, some/any.

Čo vyjadruje there is/are?

Pomocou there is / there are hovoríme, že niečo existuje alebo sa nachádza na nejakom mieste. Slovenský ekvivalent: Je tam… / Sú tam… / Nachádzajú sa…

There is = jednotné číslo alebo nepočítateľné mená There are = množné číslo

Prítomný čas

	Tvar
Kladná	There is a cat in the garden. / There are two cats.
Záporná	There isn't any milk. / There aren't any cookies.
Otázka	Is there a café nearby? / Are there any seats left?

Some vs. Any

	Some	Any
Kladné vety	✓ There are some* apples.*	✗
Záporné vety	✗	✓ There aren't any* apples.*
Otázky	ponuka/žiadosť: Is there some* water?*	bežné otázky: Are there any* chairs?*

Minulý čas

	Tvar
Kladná	There was a big tree here. / There were many people.
Záporná	There wasn't enough time. / There weren't any tickets.
Otázka	Was there a problem? / Were there any complaints?

There is vs. It is

Nezamieňaj tieto dve konštrukcie:

Konštrukcia	Použitie	Príklad
There is	existencia (niečo existuje)	There is a supermarket near here.
It is	popis konkrétnej veci	It is a very big supermarket.

Poznámka There is / there are v hovorovej angličtine sa často skrátia na There's: "There's a problem."

1
Jednotné číslo alebo nepočítateľné?
→ there is / there isn't / is there?
2
Množné číslo?
→ there are / there aren't / are there?
3
Some alebo any?
Kladná veta → some. Záporná/otázka → any.

Prax: popis hotela na webe

There is a swimming pool on the top floor. There are two restaurants and a spa in the hotel. There isn't a gym, but there are fitness classes every morning. Is there a car park? Yes — there are 50 spaces available.

Prax: inzerát na prenájom bytu

There are three bedrooms and a large kitchen. There is some storage space in the hallway. There isn't a garden, but there is a shared roof terrace. Were there any previous tenants? Yes — there were two families before.

Tip There is / there are sa objavuje v popisoch hotelov a nehnuteľností, jedálnych lístkoch ("There are three options today"), sprievodcoch ("There is a market every Saturday") a bezpečnostných upozorneniach ("There are no lifts — please use the stairs"). Použi is pre jednu vec, are pre viac než jednu.

Cvičné príklady

Doplň: ___ a post office near here?

Zobraziť odpoveď

Is there a post office near here?

Doplň: ___ some eggs in the fridge. (kladná veta)

Zobraziť odpoveď

There are some eggs in the fridge.

Urob zápor: There are three windows.

Zobraziť odpoveď

There aren't three windows.

Minulý čas: There is a big castle in the city. (zmeň na minulý čas)

Zobraziť odpoveď

There was a big castle in the city.

Some alebo any? There isn't ___ milk.

Zobraziť odpoveď

There isn't any milk.