Dve použitia apostrofu
1. Skratky (Contractions)
Skratka vznikne, keď sa dve slová spoja a niektoré písmená nahradia apostrof.
| Plný tvar | Skratka |
|---|---|
| I am | I'm |
| you are | you're |
| he is / he has | he's |
| do not | don't |
| cannot | can't |
| they will | they'll |
| it is / it has | it's |
She isn't coming today. (is not → isn't, apostrof nahrádza o)
2. Vlastníctvo (Possessive Apostrophe)
Použij 's, aby si ukázal, že niečo patrí niekomu:
the girl's bag → taška patriaca dievčaťu the dog's lead → vôdzka patriaca psovi
Množné číslo končiace na -s
Pridaj len ' (bez ďalšieho s):
the students' books → knihy patriace žiakom the teachers' room → kabinet učiteľov
Nepravidelné množné číslo (nekončí na -s)
Pridaj 's normálne:
the children's playground, the men's changing room
its vs it's
- it's = it is / it has (skratka): It's raining.
- its = patriace tomu (vlastníctvo, bez apostrofu): The cat licked its paw.
Apostrof sa nepoužíva na tvorbu množného čísla
Nepridávaj apostrof len preto, aby si tvoril množné číslo:
✗ Three cat's sat on the wall. ✓ Three cats sat on the wall.
Prax: oznamová tabuľa a nápisy na obchodoch
Don't park here — it's a no-parking zone. Today's special: chef's soup and children's mini pizza. We've got great deals!
Prax: neformálny list / e-mail
I'm really glad you're coming to the party. It's going to be great! We've invited all of Tom's friends. Don't forget to bring your ID — James's house has a security gate.
Cvičné príklady
Vytvor skratku: 'They are going to the park.'
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Doplň apostrof: 'The boys football was on the roof.' (jeden chlapec)
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Vyber: 'The dog wagged (its / it's) tail.'